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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Representative data to inform the development of behavioral and biomedical interventions for FSW in Namibia have not been published. Objectives: Our objectives were to measure HIV prevalence, identify risk factors for infection, and describe uptake of prevention, testing, and treatment among FSW in Namibia.
Results: City-specific ranges of key indicators were: HIV prevalence Factors associated with HIV infection varied by site and included: older age, having multiple commercial or non-commercial sex partners, unemployment, being currently out of school, and lower education level. Our results, which are the first representative community-based estimates among FSW in Namibia, can inform the scale-up of interventions to reduce the risk for HIV acquisition and onward transmission, including treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Keywords: Sex workers, HIV prevalence, key populations, respondent-driven sampling, biobehavioral surveillance, Namibia.
Multiple concurrent commercial and non-commercial partnerships [ 3 ], barriers to condom use [ 4 β 7 ], and elevated prevalence of sexually transmitted infections [ 8 β 11 ] are the factors that may contribute to elevate risk for infection and onward transmission among FSW. Stigmatization, marginalization, or criminalization by societies may disempower FSW to modify their risk and access services [ 12 ]. Reliable estimates of HIV prevalence, risk factors for infection, and access to services are needed to inform the development of behavioral, biomedical, and structural interventions for this key population.
Study cities were chosen based on data from a formative assessment, which indicated high concentrations of FSW and the presence of organizations working with FSW in these cities who could receive referrals for HIV care and prevention. Persons who self-identified as female, were aged 18 years or older, exchanged sex for money in the past 30 days, and resided in one of the study cities for at least the past 6 months were eligible.