And that's not all! You'll also receive a complimentary bag with an inspiring quote. Code copied to clipboard! Valid Until: 15 December If you require assistance, contact us at orders intechopen. Open access. Submitted: 26 April Published: 19 June Considered part of both the male reproductive and urinary systems, the prostate gland or prostate is oval shaped, and is variable in size ranging from 20 β 30 grams in adult males [ 1 ].
The prostate gland consists of different types of cells, including gland epithelial cells, muscle cells and fibrous cells [ 2 ]. The overall structure of the prostate is divided in two ways: by zone, a classification more often used in pathology [ 2 , 3 ] or by lobe, more often used in anatomy [ 2 ]. Prostate associated diseases usually present with urinary and sexual dysfunction and the initial symptoms related to such often necessitate diagnostic testing to indicate the presence of a certain disease state [ 4 , 5 ].
Broadly defined as the malignant growth of cells of the prostate gland, PCa occurs in many different zones of the prostate [ 1 , 11 , 12 ].
Similar to the pattern of most epithelial cancers, cells within the prostate undergo an accumulation of genetic changes whereby the functions of cellular control are lost as the cell and tissue undergo phenotype changes from normal to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia PIN [ 14 ].
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The residual forms of PCa are termed nonadenocarcinoma, and present as less commonly occurring cancers, but are often more aggressive. Such can be categorized as epithelial such as squamous cell carcinoma and nonepithelial such as osteo- and angio-sarcoma , and also include others which rarely develop in the prostate and are derived from primary tumors of the bladder and urethra such as transitional cell carcinoma [ 13 ]. The diagram below gives a general overview of prostate location, the division of zones and the general progression of PCa as the cell and tissue phenotype changes from normal to A.
