Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction is a potential approach to convert CO 2 into valuable chemicals using electricity as feedstock. Abundant and affordable catalyst materials are needed to upscale this process in a sustainable manner. However, critical metrics for its catalytic activity, such as active site density and intrinsic turnover frequency, so far lack systematic discussion.
Therefore, an affordable and selective catalyst is urgently needed to drive this electrochemical conversion efficiently. In previous investigations, a great variety of catalysts have been studied for CO 2 RR. Therefore, a reasonable turnover frequency TOF could be realized at sufficiently applied cathode potentials. This contribution will address these points. These strategies involve catalyst precursors as diverse as supported macrocyclic compounds,[ 6e , 9 ] polymers, [7a] zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF , [10] or covalent and metal organic frameworks COFs and MOFs, respectively.
Generally, the catalyst's apparent catalytic mass activity MA is contingent on two basic descriptors: the intrinsic catalytic TOF and the active SD. Finally, these fundamental experimental descriptors have been correlated to corresponding computational results derived from first principle density functional theory DFT.
In general, COFs are ideal materials to anchor coordinative metal sites precisely due to their ordered porous structure and tunable composition.
The Ni ions can coordinate to the heteroatoms of the backbone and are thus uniformly dispersed in the COF. The successful synthesis allowed the facile incorporation and immobilization of Ni ions into the backbone. Therefore, thermal annealing was used to carbonize the framework. The analysis of carbon 1s, nitrogen 1s spectra are given in the Supporting Information.
