To reach Cadiz, the French squadron had to pass the British naval base at Gibraltar , which housed the squadron tasked with blockading Cadiz. After a successful voyage between Toulon and Gibraltar in which a number of British vessels were captured, the squadron anchored at Algeciras , a fortified port city within sight of Gibraltar across Gibraltar Bay.
Although severe damage was inflicted on all three French ships of the line , none could be successfully captured and the British were forced to withdraw without HMS Hannibal , which had grounded and was subsequently seized by the French. In the aftermath of the first battle, both sides set about making urgent repairs and calling up reinforcements. On 9 July a fleet of five Spanish and one French ship of the line and several frigates arrived from Cadiz to safely escort Linois's squadron to Cadiz, and the British at Gibraltar redoubled their efforts to restore their squadron to fighting service.
In the evening of 12 July the French and Spanish fleet sailed from Algeciras, and the British force followed them, catching the trailing ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras and opening fire at A confused night action followed in which the British ship HMS Superb cut through the disorganised Franco-Spanish rearguard, followed by the rest of Saumarez's force.
In the confusion one French ship was captured, a Spanish frigate sank and two huge gun Spanish first rates collided and exploded, killing as many as 1, men. The following morning the French ship Formidable came under attack at the rear of the combined squadron, but successfully drove off pursuit and reached Cadiz safely.
Ultimately the French and Spanish fleets were successful in their aim of uniting at Cadiz, albeit after heavy losses, but they were still under blockade and in no position to realise either the Egyptian or the Portuguese plans. The two battles, "generally regarded as a single linked battle", [ 1 ] proved decisive in cementing British control of the Mediterranean Sea and condemning the French Army in Egypt to defeat, totally unsupported by reinforcements from the French Navy.
