Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Cholangiocarcinoma CCA manifests as a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, necessitating personalized approaches. This review covers the various causes, risk factors, and molecular aspects of CCA in oncology. It explores current diagnostic methods and treatments, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
Additionally, it addresses emerging strategies like microbiota modulation and the use of natural compounds. This review paper provides a comprehensive understanding of CCA, offering insights into current and evolving approaches for effective interventions in oncological care. Cholangiocarcinomas CCA pose a complex challenge in oncology due to diverse etiologies, necessitating tailored therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the risk factors, molecular pathology, and current therapeutic options for CCA and explores the emerging strategies encompassing targeted therapies, immunotherapy, novel compounds from natural sources, and modulation of gut microbiota.
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CCA are driven by an intricate landscape of genetic mutations, epigenetic dysregulation, and post-transcriptional modification, which differs based on geography e. Liquid biopsy, including circulating cell-free DNA, is a potential diagnostic tool for CCA, which warrants further investigations. Currently, surgical resection is the primary curative treatment for CCA despite the technical challenges.
Adjuvant chemotherapy, including cisplatin and gemcitabine, is standard for advanced, unresectable, or recurrent CCA. Second-line therapy options, such as FOLFOX oxaliplatin and 5-FU , and the significance of radiation therapy in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and palliative settings are also discussed.
This review underscores the need for personalized therapies and demonstrates the shift towards precision medicine in CCA treatment.
