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Uterine perforation is an uncommon complication of intrauterine device insertion, with an incidence of one in 1, insertions. Perforation may be complete, with the device totally in the abdominal cavity, or partial, with the device to varying degrees within the uterine wall.
Some studies show a positive association between lactation and perforation, but a causal relationship has not been established. Very rarely, a device may perforate into bowel or the urinary tract. Perforated intrauterine devices can generally be removed successfully at laparoscopy.
The aim of this review is to raise awareness of the circumstances in which perforation of the uterus by intrauterine devices IUDs can occur, the consequences of such perforations, and approaches to the management of suspected or actual perforation. Use of intrauterine contraception worldwide is extensive: Perforation of the uterus with IUDs was first described in the s. Less commonly, an IUD may penetrate into but remain within the myometrium; this is termed partial perforation.
Although uterine perforation is a potentially serious complication of intra-uterine contraceptive use, it is uncommon and it can often be asymptomatic. Some cases are not identified until months or years after insertion. It very rarely leads to harmful sequelae, and it does not detract from the overall excellent safety record of IUDs. Of these, were found to be relevant. Further references were found within these articles. Perforation of the uterus with an IUD is an uncommon phenomenon.
